Aminoproprionitrite a Toxin that is Toxic to Cats
Chemical Structure & Breakdown
Aminopropionitrile is an organic nitrile compound known for its toxic effects, particularly affecting the connective tissues. Structurally, it contains a three-carbon chain with an amine group (-NH2) on one end and a nitrile group (-C≡N) on the other. Aminopropionitrile is primarily found in the seeds of the plant Lathyrus spp. (wild peas) and is associated with a condition known as lathyrism.
At the cellular level, aminopropionitrile disrupts the formation of collagen by inhibiting the enzyme lysyl oxidase, which is essential for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin fibers in connective tissues. This leads to weakened connective tissues, particularly affecting the joints, ligaments, and cardiovascular system.
Toxin Metabolism
In cats, aminopropionitrile is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract after ingesting plants containing the compound. Once in the bloodstream, it interferes with collagen synthesis, leading to weakened connective tissues, particularly in joints and ligaments. Cats metabolize aminopropionitrile poorly, and its toxic effects can lead to long-term joint damage and other connective tissue disorders.
Symptoms of aminopropionitrile toxicity in cats include stiffness, difficulty walking, joint pain, and lameness. Over time, prolonged exposure to the toxin can lead to significant connective tissue damage, resulting in deformities or weakened cardiovascular tissues. Immediate veterinary intervention is essential to prevent long-term damage, and treatment involves removing the source of the toxin and providing supportive care to manage symptoms.
Additional Plants or Items Containing the Toxin
- Lathyrus spp. (Wild peas)
- Vicia spp. (Vetch)
These plants contain aminopropionitrile, a compound that can cause significant connective tissue damage in cats when ingested.
